1. What is silicon steel
Silicon steel refers to Fe-Si soft magnetic alloy, also known as electrical steel. The mass percentage of silicon steel Si is 0.4%~6.5%, with high permeability, low iron loss value of excellent magnetism, with low core loss, high magnetic induction strength, good punching property, good surface quality of steel plate, good insulating film performance and so on. Silicon steel is mainly used for the preparation of various electric motors, generators and transformers and other power equipment core, is an indispensable metal functional material in the power, electronics and military industry, but also the key material for power equipment to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption. As the largest amount of soft magnetic alloy, electrical steel is widely used in all aspects of the real economy, improving its overall performance and manufacturing level has a very important role and significance in the development of the national economy.
2. Development history of silicon steel
Before the advent of silicon steel, iron cores had been made of industrial pure iron. In 1886, Westinghouse Electric Company of the United States made transformer lamination core with a hot rolled low carbon steel plate with an impurity content of about 0.4%, but the low carbon steel has low resistivity, large core loss, high carbon and nitrogen content, and serious magnetic aging. In 1902, Gumlich found that the addition of silicon can increase the resistivity of iron, reduce eddy current loss and hysteresis loss, increase the permeability, and reduce the magnetic aging phenomenon.
1882~1995 is mainly the development stage of hot rolled silicon steel. In 1903, the United States and Germany first began to produce hot-rolled silicon steel. In 1905 the United States (the United Kingdom in 1906) has been mass production, in a very short time all replaced the ordinary low carbon steel plate manufacturing motor and transformer. Due to the magnetic induction, iron loss, punching and shearing workability, surface quality and insulating coating quality properties of cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel are greatly superior to hot-rolled silicon steel, and hot-rolled products can not be rolled production, reducing the punching efficiency, the main industrial developed countries in the 1960s have stopped the production of hot-rolled silicon steel. In 1957, the former West German Ashims produced a double-oriented silicon steel sheet (cubic textured silicon steel) in the laboratory. It has high magnetic properties along the rolling direction and horizontally, but it is still in the laboratory stage and has not been put into industrial production.
From 1930 to 1967, it was mainly the development stage of cold-rolled ordinary oriented silicon steel (CGO) plate. In 1933, Gauss used two cold rolling and annealing methods to make 3%Si steel with magnetic high along the rolling direction. In 1935, the Armco Steel Company of the United States began the production of cold-rolled oriented silicon steel in cooperation with Westinghouse Company using Gauss patented technology. After 20 years of continuous development, Armco company in the mid-1950s to perfect a secondary cold rolling grain oriented silicon steel production process, that is, Armco process, since then, Armco process has long monopolized the world's cold-rolled oriented silicon steel production, ordinary oriented silicon steel (CGO) output of about 80% are produced in accordance with Armco patents.
From 1961 to 1994, it was mainly the development stage of high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel (Hi-B). In 1953, Satori Tanaka and others from Nippon Steel Co. in Japan proved that it is possible to make more magnetically oriented silicon steel with AIN as the main inhibitor and a single high reduction rate cold rolling process. In 1961, on the basis of the introduction of Armco patents, the first trial production of AlN+MnS comprehensive inhibitor of high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel. Production began in 1964 and was named Hi-B, but it was magnetically unstable. Since 1968, when Nippon Steel Corporation developed high-magnetic orientation silicon steel products, Japan's cold-rolled electrical steel has surpassed the United States in product quality, manufacturing technology and equipment, new technology development, experimental research and testing technology, and is in an absolute leading position in the world.
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